Acne
Introduction / Overview
Acne is a skin condition which occurs when skin pores become plugged and pimples form. Usually acne is visible on the face and neck and it can appear on the shoulders, chest, back, upper arms and scalp as well. Acne usually appears during the teenage years but adults can continue to have acne or experience adult-onset acne. While it is not a dangerous condition, unsightly acne scars can remain.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
The symptoms of acne are an outbreak of whiteheads and blackheads. This situation occurs when oily skin blocks pores. If one of these pores is large enough, blackheads form in the opening. The black color comes from air exposure. Small pores become whiteheads, which are actually the same color as skin. Both blackheads and whiteheads can be tender and become swollen. Cystic acne (or acne cystic) is when a pimple develops into a firm lump (cyst) under the surface of the skin.
Diagnosis of acne can be made visually by a doctor. If acne is persistent, causes scarring or becomes an emotional issue which limits self-confidence, further treatment can be sought. Ask your doctor to refer you to a dermatologist–a specialist in the treatment of skin conditions
Known Causes
More is known about what doesn’t cause skin acne than what does. It is not the result of uncleanliness, a bad diet, or raging sex drive. Hormones are thought to increase acne in teenagers as they go through puberty. Other hormonal changes which can result in acne are pregnancy and menopause. Testosterone in both males and females causes the body to make a wax-like chemical called sebum, which is what clogs skin pores. When bacteria grows in the clogged follicles, whiteheads and blackheads are formed.
Available Treatments
Prescription medications, both oral and topical, are methods of how to get rid of acne successfully. There are also over-the-counter treatments which are usually lotions containing benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, sulfur, lactic acid and resorcinol. Over-the-counter methods may be successful in stopping the plugging of pores or hair follicles. A prescription acne treatment is often done in combination with antibiotics. The strongest of the acne products is Isotretinoin, which is only prescribed in the most severe cases. Women who are pregnant cannot use this drug because it can cause birth defects. Other treatments include oral contraceptives or laser and light therapy.
Prevention / Vaccination
Some skin care methods can help prevent acne. Areas can be washed twice a day to remove oil and dead skin. A topical treatment containing benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid can also get rid of oil. Women should be careful about the use of cosmetics, applying powders instead of creams, and removing all makeup before bed. Wear clothes which are loose in fit and always shower after heavy exercise to prevent blocking pores.
Prognosis / Management
Outbreaks of acne are sporadic. Good skin care practices should be used and acne should never be picked at or squeezed. Visit your doctor and/or dermatologist as necessary. Acne removal should be completed in six to eight weeks.
Alternative Treatments & Products
Some people use home remedies and herbal treatments to control acne. Tea tree oil gels (5%) are thought by some to be effective. They should be used carefully as skin irritation can occur in some individuals. Other supplements being researched for their effectiveness include, brewer’s yeast, Guggul (tree gum resin) and zinc. We also suggest the following products: